• Whitley Wichmann posted an update 1 year, 11 months ago

    There is a complex interaction between consumption of nutrients and regulation of immune functions. A wellbalanced diet is valuable as excessive increase in certain macronutrients may cause deficiency of any one or more micronutrients as occurs in obesity, which leads to impaired immune responses including phagocyte function, cytokine production, secretory Targetmol’s TAN67,TAN67 antibody response, antibody affinity, cellmediated immunity, and the complement system, thus increasing exposure to viral infections. Increase in dietary intake of nutrients or nutrient supplementation has positive effects in enhancing immunity against viral infections.Deficiency of micronutrient malnutrition may result in weak immune responses. Nutrition has impact on multitude of immune responses and modulation of immune homeostasis.Life becomes stagnant and quandary due to imposed lockdown after the declaration of global health emergency, which may instigate mood deterioration and provoke stress.This persistent and severe stress condition may affect the nervous system and result in alterations in brain homeostatic functions, hence increasing the risk of onset of depression. Stress critically affects the development and functioning of the body.The COVID pandemic, with radical alterations in every norm of life, can be classified as a stressful event with constant fear of infliction of disease, feelings of helplessness, falling sick, or dying, and stigma further boosts the stress, and, generally, such stressful events greatly affect the nutrition. Stress may cause hypophagia or hyperphagia, and binge eating may apply that results in a significant change in weight. Stayathome orders, smart working, and limitations of outdoor activities could result in increase in stress and boredom.Boredom markedly influences the dietary patterns and food choices.In most of the cases, boredom is associated with excessive intake of energy and consumption of relatively more quantities of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Moreover, continuous hearing or reading news about lockdown, abrupt increase in infection rate, and death during pandemic can further increase the stress.Consequently, these stressed people start overeating and mostly rely on sugarrich foods to compensate stress condition. The intense desire of consuming a specific food is known as food craving, which is a multidimensional approach including behavioral, and physiological attributes. Economic crises and high unemployment rates further exploit the stress condition and also induce anxiety, irritability, restlessness, and sleep disturbances.Stress increases the risk of developing infectious diseases, mainly viral infections. Moreover, stress inflicts impaired response to vaccines, and decreased CD to CD ratio and low antibody titer occur in stress. During stress, foods that contain and promote the serotonin and melatonin synthesis are important as stress can deplete serotonin levels in the brain which can be restored by the intake of carbohydraterich diet.Sleep disturbance further worsens the stress state and increases the consumption of foods, thus provoking dangerous vicious cycle.Milk, salmon, poultry, and eggs contain sleepinducing amino acid tryptophan, which is a precursor of serotonin and melatonin.Moreover, tryptophan regulates the satiety and caloric intake via serotonin to reduce the intake of carbohydratesfats and inhibits the activity of neuropeptide Y which is the most powerful hypothalamic orexigen peptides that stimulate food intake. Therefore, to cope with stress condition, healthy food choices may be preferred to sensibly avoid malnutrition and chronic diseases.